Slavery Of The United States - 1528 Words

Slavery in the United States The use of African American slaves began in the Mid-17th century. According to the U.S. Census of 1790, the United States had a population of 3.8 million people; from which 700,000 of them were slaves, that is 18 percent of the entire population. The state of Virginia had the largest population of slaves. Virginia alone had 300,000 slaves. In South Carolina, 43 percent of the entire population was slaves ( Zambelli). It all makes sense because in the year of 1790, the average household owned 2-6 slaves. Some families owned a larger farm or had larger plantation fields and they could own up to two-hundred slaves (Walbert). People owned slaves not just for the economic advantages that they produced but also for racial prejudice. â€Å"Southern whites were convinced that slavery was necessary †¦ because freed blacks would be savages and a threat to white survival† (Zambelli). The Invention of the Cotton Gin In 1794, Eli Whitney invented the cotton gin. The cotton gin is a machine that revolutionized the production of cotton. After the invention of the cotton gin, cotton became the main cash crop of that time (Bailey). With these changes the American economy was also transformed. The cotton gin helped planters earn greater profits by growing larger crops and planting more cotton seeds. An abundance of cotton was used to trade with Great Britain. For southern planters the industrialization of cotton and the increase of textile production meant economicShow MoreRelatedSlavery And The United States891 Words   |  4 PagesThe Unites States during the 1850s was a harsh time for African Americans, not only were they treated extremely harsh; but many of them were slaves as well. Slavery was the topic of every discussion during this time period and the United States was literally split on the issue of slavery. A lot of the Southern States wanted to continue slavery because it was a way of life . Many of the southerners depend on slavery to help grow and harvest crops that were on acres and acres of land. Northerns, onRead MoreSlavery And The United States848 Words   |  4 Pagesthe United States. During these years, many different topics were up for dispute and compromises were being negotiated. Unfortunately, it was hard for all of the citizens to come to a complete compromise for the disputes. Some states had similar opinions, while others were in a deadlock. One of the biggest disputes during this time were over slavery. While other disputes only involved a few states, slavery was a dispute that caused unrest between two distinctive regions in the United States: theRead MoreThe Slavery Of The United States1449 Words   |  6 Pages â€Å"Slavery is founded on the selfishness of man’s nature; opposition to it on his love for justice.† This saying by Abraham Lincoln tells us that people are really different when it comes to their beliefs and attitudes. S ome are so focused on wealth, which is why they have slaves to work for free, and treated them as properties instead of real human beings. On the other hand, some people were against slavery because it violated the basic human rights like the right to life, liberty, and security.Read MoreThe Slavery Of The United States953 Words   |  4 PagesEvery country has a dark past, whether it’s about conquering land from Native Americans, or mass genocide of a single race. The United States was no different from the rest of the world, especially when slavery was involved. The South had its reasons on why to establish and justify the slavery system while the North rejected their beliefs. By focusing on the South’s argument, this will help to understand why they fought for their rights to keep slaves and understand how the African Americans wereRead MoreThe Slavery Of The United States1095 Words   |  5 Pagesattempted to cure their complete opposition on the regulation of sl avery by using federal power to coerce an end to the feud, yet the movement increased tension between the divided nation. By invoking both legislative and judicial power, politicians used laws which included slave codes and freedom laws as well as court decisions like Dred Scott v Sandford (1875) to convince or force the population into acceptance of stances on slavery. Each party viewed their tactics and ideas to be righteous, andRead MoreSlavery And The United States1305 Words   |  6 PagesSlavery; An Issue Neglected to a Key Principle in the U.S. For 20 years slavery had existed in the United States of America despite its immorality and the objections of many citizens. Strides were made to correct this injustice around the time of the Revolutionary war; colonists started to demand their natural human rights from Britain. In 1766, our founding fathers were the first faced with a decision to abolish slavery; they felt the pressure from facing the purpose of their campaign due to theRead MoreSlavery And The United States1507 Words   |  7 PagesOver the centuries, slavery held a prominent factor in United States history. Slavery shaped and formed what society was in the United States. Slavery’s influence impacted the United States in various ways. The ways that slavery impacted United States history are the United States economy, society and politics. Some historians argue slavery is not an important factor in United States history. However, they are wrong because slavery brought many different political movements and t he Underground RailroadRead MoreThe Slavery Of The United States976 Words   |  4 PagesSlavery has played a very integral part in the development of the United States so far. It has taught people the importance of racial equality and moral discipline, which was lacked back in the time when slavery existed. Moreover, slaves were used mostly by farmers and business owners who wanted to maximize their profits and wanted cheap sources of labor. Slaves were first imported into the United States back in 1502 by a merchant named; Juan de Cà ³rdoba. The South was very interested in bringingRead MoreSlavery And The United States1673 Words   |  7 Pageshowever, when slavery existed, blacks were undermined and denied many freedoms entitled to them under the Constitution. There were many topics argued about, but slavery caused the most dispute within the country. In the 1850’s, the pro-slavery South and the anti-slavery North collided when the case of Dred Scott, a black slave who attempted to gain liberation, was brought to court. The North and South had vastly different views on the subject of slavery, Scott had resided in the free state of IllinoisRead MoreThe Slavery Of The United States1670 Words   |  7 Pageswedge between the nation. As the United States progressed into different industries, slavery benefited only one side of the country – the south. The north began outlawing slavery, deeming it as immoral and unconstitutional while the south needed and depended on slavery to maintain their economy. The opposing sides on the slave system lead to arguments between the North and the South as to decide what new territories would allow slavery, then leading on to outlawing slavery all together. Tensions increased

Steve’s Needs as a student Free Essays

string(53) " people loose weight such as weightwatcher meetings\." Steve is a 20 year old male student; he lives away from home as he is in his final year at university. Steve lives in student accommodation with 6 other male students. The area he lives in is deprived of the city and the local housing is poor quality. We will write a custom essay sample on Steve’s Needs as a student or any similar topic only for you Order Now There are busy roads and factories surrounding the area he lives in. He smokes up to 120 cigarettes per week and binge drinks a lot. He doesn’t exercise at all and he eats unhealthily. Steve’s housing is very dirty and messy therefore causing a lot of dust. This is affecting his asthma. Steve’s Needs Steve has many needs to improve his PIES. Firstly for his physical health he should stop drinking so much as it will be affecting his liver. Also he should stop eating so unhealthy and get on a healthy diet and start to exercise regularly. He should also use the exercise as well as to get fit to loose weight so he is at a healthy BMI. For his emotional health he should make sure that he stays motivated to loose weight and drink less alcohol and smoke less and eventually quit. He should keep self-confidence in himself that he can loose weight and that he will look much better in the long run after all his hard work. Dying of Breast Cancer in the 1800s iframe class="wp-embedded-content" sandbox="allow-scripts" security="restricted" style="position: absolute; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);" src="https://phdessay.com/dying-of-breast-cancer-in-the-1800s/embed/#?secret=fUPTDGIRSA" data-secret="fUPTDGIRSA" width="500" height="282" title="#8220;Dying of Breast Cancer in the 1800s#8221; #8212; Free Essays - PhDessay.com" frameborder="0" marginwidth="0" marginheight="0" scrolling="no"/iframe Lastly for emotional health he should have support from people in order to help him loose weight and get healthier. People offering him support should be his friends, family and the nurse and doctors who are helping him. These could include the dietician and the community nurse. For Steve’s intellectual health he should make sure he concentrates more at university, in order to achieve a high standing grade. Also he should make sure that he gets educated on the risks of what he is doing to himself as he needs to realise what he is really doing to damage his body. Lastly for Steve’s social health needs he needs to reassess his social life and stop going out more and maybe even find more supportive friends rather than people who find it funny that he gets into a complete state. Also he should take up a hobby in order to keep himself busy rather than turning to alcohol and causing himself harm. Steve should also think about how he spends his money and that he should stop spending it on alcohol and cigarettes and he should use it in a more useful way such as joining a gym or towards a hobby he may want to take up. Steve should also make sure his housing environment is clean as it is affecting his health as it is very unhygienic. Community Nurse Lisa is a community nurse. She is helping Steve to get healthier and giving him advice on how he can loose weight and get healthier. Roles Lisa works within the community but she is based in a doctor’s surgery. A community nurse acts as a teacher and counsellor primarily, but also plays an important role in preventing widespread illness and disease in the community she serves. Lisa offers a supportive role; she supports patients as well as other professionals. She does visits to schools, GPs and home visits in order to spread awareness of illness disease and also to support people in any health issues they may have. Lisa is part of the PCT (primary care trust). She offers general health care to patients and she gives out general advice. The main roles that Lisa undertakes are monitoring people’s health, providing nursing care to the sick and disabled, she is also a health teacher letting the community she serves in know about health risks and what you can do to prevent them. Also she is a councillor; giving an appropriate advice and broadening a client’s insight about a problem so that appropriate decisions are made which can lead to a positive resolution of the problem. Tasks One of the tasks Lisa may undertake is screening tests to find out about their health such as she could look at the height, weight, BMI and blood pressure of Steve. Also she could do tests on Steve for his cholesterol levels and test their lung functions. These screening tests can help to promote good health. This is because if there is an issue involving the Steve’s health then doing one of these screening tests Lisa may be able to notice the problem and then look at it in more detail. If the problem is noticed soon enough then Lisa will be able to inform Steve of what it is and help him sort the problem out and recommend him to a doctor or advise him on what he can do in order to retain a healthy state. Also a task Lisa may do as a community nurse is educating the community. She may give out education and advice on certain issues patients may have. These could include pregnancies, exercise, drinking, smoking, diet and contraception. A community nurse can also provide information and advice on prescribed or over-the-counter medication on medication regimens, side effects and interactions. However if Lisa thinks that the patient needs more than just her advice such as Steve may need to see a dietician in order to plan out a healthy lifestyle and diet she may advise him to go see the specialist person as she may not be able to help him as much as the dietician can. She may also advise the patient to go to a specialist support group. Such as if she thinks that Steve is showing signs of being an alcoholic she may advice him to attend an AA meetings or if she sees that Steve is overweight and needs help in loosing weight she may send him to groups that are specialised in helping people loose weight such as weightwatcher meetings. You read "Steve’s Needs as a student" in category "Papers" Lisa may also give out leaflets to a patient in order to help them with their health issue and for them to learn more about what it may consist of and how they can help themselves to get better health. Such as giving Steve leaflets on stopping smoking. The leaflet would contain information of what stopping smoking consists of and what different methods he can use to stop smoking. If Lisa is incapable of giving the patient the knowledge they need she may have to refer them onto someone who will have much more knowledge about the issue. Such as if Lisa found that there may be an issue with a Steve’s health that would need him to have more tests and more examining then she will refer him to a doctor who will have more knowledge on what the issue is and they will be able to advise give more advice to the Steve than Lisa may be able too. Lisa educating the community and giving them advice is another way to show that she is promoting good health to the community. The education she is providing will help people to see the first symptoms of serious diseases such as lumps on the breast, which should be checked out for breast cancer. This education of people finding out about diseases in the early stages will help a person to overcome the disease and get their good health back as soon as they can. Rather than having no education on looking out for the disease they may end up noticing the disease months down the line when it may be too late. Also if people are being given positive advice they may feel better about themselves and therefore their lifestyle may become of a better quality and more positive. Such as if she was telling Steve how much fitter and healthier he will be if he looses weight and cuts down his drinking and smoking. Also that he will look much better and people will find him more attractive. This positive encouragement will help Steve to take on Lisa’s advice and make him want to loose weight so he can achievement a positive outcome. The advice may also help people to seek out more medical help in order for them to maintain good health, without the advice they have been given by Lisa they may not know what to do about their health issue and things could have got much worse. Another task that Lisa might do as a community nurse is minor treatments. Lisa will not have the full medical training and knowledge as a doctor may have so therefore she will not be able to administer extreme drugs to the patient or be able to attend to serious wounds. However she will be able to dress wounds and make sure they are kept clean. Such as if Steve has a minor injury from being out drinking all night and falling over as he was drunk. He will need the wound dressing and Lisa will be able to clean it to prevent infection and then bandage it up to avoid further damage. Skills Lisa will need a variety of different skills as a community nurse. Firstly she will need mathematical skills. These mathematical skills can be put to use when she is making sure that numerical data is interpreted properly. If the data is interpreted properly then patients will have a correct understanding of what is going on with their body. Also Lisa can put her mathematical skills to use when she is doing Steve’s BMI. If she correctly uses her mathematical skills to work out Steve’s BMI then Steve will see Lisa as a knowledgeable, reliable person. If he sees Lisa as this then he will be more likely to listen to her advice and trust her. If he is listening to her advice because she has shown him that she is correct at her job and can help him then that will be helping Steve needs. Lisa should also have good communication skills. She can put these skills to use when she is trying to get her message across to Steve. If she is giving Steve results from a screening test she must make sure that she doesn’t upset him and that she knows how to correctly communicate with him in order to get the best outcome. If Lisa seems to be nice and helpful towards Steve and she looks like she knows what she is saying and she is comforting Steve when he finds out some shocking news then Steve will maybe become to like Lisa and understand why she is there for him. If he understands that she is there to help him then he is more likely to listen to her and in listening to her and getting her advice Lisa will be helping Steve to loose weight and cut back on the bad things he is doing to his body. This will be helping Steve’s needs. Lisa will have to have medical knowledge as a skill to be a community nurse. She will have to have medical knowledge so when she is giving out medical advice she will need to know that what she is saying is accurate and correct. If her medical knowledge is accurate and correct and she has the skill to advise people on what they should do and help people with their descriptions she will be trusted and respected a lot more than if she didn’t have any knowledge on what she was doing. The medical knowledge can come in useful when she is working with Steve and helping with his needs. If Lisa shows Steve that she knows what she is doing and her knowledge is correct then Steve is going to want to follow her advice on how he can get his body fitter and healthier. Steve needs to lose weight and if he wants to follow Lisa’s advice then she will be helping with his needs. If she had bad knowledge and seemed as if she didn’t know what she was doing Steve would be put off by this fact and may not want to or follow her advice as he may seem it to be incorrect, or that its her opinion and not a medical one. Lisa also should have good communication skills. She must make sure that she gets her message across to her patients such as Steve in a way that won’t offend them and will make them feel confident that she knows what she is saying. She must make sure that if she is giving out results such as screening tests to someone that she is professional and makes the person feel comfortable. If Lisa puts this skill to use when working with Steve she will be helping with his needs. She will be doing this by communicating to Steve what is going on with his body in a positive non-offensive way then Steve is going to want to listen to Lisa and he will see what she is saying is important and that will help him in being confident that he is in the right hands to lose weight and get healthier. Qualities There are many qualities that Lisa should have to be a good community nurse. Firstly she should be patient with the patient. She should never rush them into anything she must make sure she remains calm and not stressed out with the patient. Some patients may need to lose a lot of weight and if they aren’t doing it as quick as the community nurse would like, they must make sure they still remain calm and patient. If they start to rush a patient into loosing weight and telling them there not doing well enough or quick enough then they may lose their self-esteem and that could cause them to stop the course of treatment and therefore they won’t be loosing any weight. However if Lisa is patient and calm with patients like Steve throughout the whole time they are seeing them which could be many months, Steve will more likely to become more confident that what he is doing is going to be beneficial and that he is doing everything correctly therefore Lisa will be helping him with his needs. Another quality that Lisa should have as a community nurse but also in helping Steve with his needs is being encouraging. If Lisa is encouraging then Steve will want to carry on with what he is doing as he is being encouraged to do so. If Lisa is giving him positive encouragement and keeps reminding Steve how much better he will look and feel when he is healthier and fitter then Steve will become more determined to listen to her advice and participate in what she is doing to help him. If he listens to her advice then his needs will be for filled. Lisa should also make sure that she is very friendly towards her patients and that she doesn’t come across as being very nice then patients like Steve will be put off from talking to her. If Steve is put off from talking to Lisa then he is unlikely to listen to her advice. If he doesn’t follow or listen to her advice then he won’t have his needs met. However is Lisa is friendly and kind towards Steve and shows him that she cares about him as an individual then Steve is more likely to listen to her advice and encouragement and have his needs met. Dietician Roles Sue is a dietician for the NHS. She works in partnership with doctors and a nurses who can refer their patients to Sue to get specific help that Sue as a dietician can help them with. Sue will have specialist knowledge about diets and nutrition as she is trained in them areas. Therefore Sue will be very useful in helping Steve with his diet and loosing weight. A dietician plans nutrition programs and food programs for their patients. Dieticians such as Sue can help prevent diseases and obesity problems because they teach people about the role of food in their diet. They usually run food programs in institutions, such as hospitals and schools. A dietician promotes healthy diets through education and education programs. Another role that Sue may have is to be able to create a diet based on what the doctor prescribes. The dietician must be able to prepare and calculate a diet based on the nutrients a person needs. Tasks A few tasks Sue may have to do as a dietician is educate her patients. The education is often about appropriate diets and what diet may be appropriate for their health needs. Sue could educate Steve on what diet he could start to take and how it will benefit him. Sue can also educate her patients by telling them the different types of food groups and why their all individually important. She could educate Steve on what the different foods he eats do for him and maybe what food group he should start eating and why. Also Sue can educate her patients about the risks of an unhealthy diet and being overweight. Steve would benefit from this education very well as he may not understand the full risks of what he is doing to his body, but if Sue educates him on what he is doing to it and how bad it is then it may encourage Steve to take action. One of Sue’s tasks may also be giving her patients a diet that they specifically need and that will fit into their lifestyle. She could give Steve a diet that specifically is for him and fits around his university timetable. Both hospital and community dieticians educate people who need special diets as part of their medical treatment, for example patients with kidney disease, food allergies, eating disorders, diabetes, HIV/AIDS etc. Another task that Sue may do is to run food programmes. Running food programmes in places such as schools can help the young pupils to get more knowledge on nutrition and what diets they should be taking in order to be healthy. Sue could run a food programme at Steve’s university to show Steve that it is important to lose weight and be healthy, not just him but everyone. Another task that a dietician may have is giving out advice. Sue could give out advice on diets and nutrition in many different ways. A few of these ways could be giving out leaflets in a school or community place to get people to read into more detail on how important a healthy diet is. Also she could give leaflets out to her specific patients advising them on how to cope with their new diet etc. Sue could also show videos and tell about case studies in communal places such a school or a GP. These videos will show awareness of a what an unhealthy diet can do and what you can do in order to maintain a good health and how you can do it. One of a community nurse’s tasks are to produce diet plans to suit the individual and what’s best for them. If Sue produced a diet plan that was suitable for Steve in order to lose weight then that will benefit him a lot. A dietician also monitors weight, they do this in order to see how well the patient is doing on the diet they have been set. If the patients diet plan isn’t working for them and regular weight monitoring shows this then Sue may change their diet to something else to see if that diet plan works. Constant updating is needed in order for Sue to see if she needs to change diet plans for the patients. A dietician might incorporate exercise into the process, but this would only be minimum information such as that they should exercise regularly and often after meals etc. Skills Sue should have mathematical skills as a dietician. She will need these skills in order to produce accurate diet charts and to accurately work out a person’s BMI. If the information Sue produces is correct because she has accurately used her mathematic skills then she will be able to tell Steve what to do to get healthier and lose weight. Steve will then believe that Sue knows what she is saying, he will then follow her advice and start to lose weight, this will be helping with his needs. Therefore he will feel better about himself as he will look and feel great. Sue should also have good communication skills. Good communication skills are useful as the information is given face to face so therefore its important that the message is given across appropriately. Steve is more likely to listen to Sue’s information as she will be giving immediate responses and making him feel comfortable. This will help him as he will understand what to do to get himself healthier and this will help him to lose weight leading to him having a good self esteem, again Sue will be helping with what he needs. Sue should also be able to have a skill in order for her to be able to give good advice. Sue will have to give good advice with reason behind the advice she has given, she will also have to have medical and nutritional knowledge to back up what she is saying this is because Steve will then know that she is giving a medical overview on his body and that it is a serious fact that he is unhealthy and needs to lose weight, not just Sue’s personal opinion. The knowledge that Sue has is important as she will be letting Steve know she knows what she’s doing and he will follow what she is saying and he will lose the weight he needs also he will get much fitter and healthier and he will then feel much better about himself, therefore his needs will have been helped by Sue. Sue should also have knowledge on nutrition and dieting. This knowledge she has on nutrition and dieting will help her to provide accurate and immediate advice to her patients. If she is providing accurate and immediate advice to patients they will feel confident that she knows what she is doing. If Steve believes that Sue has knowledge and accuracy on what she is telling him then he will trust her and he will want to take her advice and he will stick to diet plans she sets him, if he loses weight as a result of Sue’s work she will be helping his needs. Qualities Sue should have many good qualities in order to be a good and helpful dietician. Polite and friendly should be one quality. She will need to make sure she doesn’t offend the patient in what she is saying. She shouldn’t say that they are ‘fat’ and need to lose all their ‘chubbiness†. She should be polite and professional and use the correct terminology to avoid any offence. Steve is overweight and if Sue worked out his BMI and saw this she shouldn’t call him ‘fat’. She should tell him that he is overweight and borderline obese. Even though it sounds worse if Sue uses the correct terminology then Steve is less likely to get offended and more likely to take things seriously. If he takes things seriously he is more likely to want to lose weight and therefore his needs will be met. Sue should also have being approachable as a quality. If the Sue is approachable and friendly and nice the message she must give to Steve that he is overweight and does need to diet may make him accept these things more lightly than just saying he’s fat and needs to lose weight fast. If Steve can accept things more lightly and understand what Sue is saying to him then he is more likely to be confident and want to lose weight. If he loses weight then his needs will have been met. Sue should also make sure that she is relaxed and patient with her patients but that she is also firm. Things may get irritating if a patient is refusing to diet or doesn’t seem to think they should lose weight. Sue should stay relaxed and patient but however she must make sure that she doesn’t give in and she stays firm. Such as making Steve stick to his diet plan. She must understand that it may be difficult at first but must be consistent and firm with Steve and keep reminding him that his needs can only be met if he works with her and takes onboard her advice. Sue must also make sure she stays positive. Being positive is a quality that Sue needs. She must make sure that she tells them how much better they will look and feel after all their hard work and that it will be very beneficial. If she does this then her patients will then want to aspire for the positive goals. If she is negative and rude patients such as Steve may not listen to her and may not lose weight and may even start to gain weight. If Steve doesn’t lose weight then his needs will not be met. However if Sue stays positive with Steve and makes sure that he is in a positive frame of mind and he is in a determined lose as she tells him of all the benefits then Steve’s needs will be met as he will eventually lose weight and feel and look much better. How to cite Steve’s Needs as a student, Papers

Original Colonies free essay sample

The 13 original colonies in the US is important in the American history because of the culture, historical events and the war of independence/ declaration of Independence. Introduction: History is the beginning of the present and the future, without the 13 original colonies, America would not be the same. The 1 3 original colonies are important part of the American History because of the culture, historical events and the declaration of Independence. Historical Events: 1619: House of Burgesses(Virginia) The first historical event was The Virginia House of Burgesses which happened in Valhalla.The House of Burgesses was when the first government representatives was made by the American Colonies. The representative group consisted of 22 members, including the governor, 6 cabinet members and 15 representatives from various locals. The famous burgesses were George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, Patrick Henry and many more. (George Washington- 1st President of America, Thomas Jefferson- 3rd president also the author of the Declaration of Independence, Patrick Henry- famous for his line Give me liberty or give me death from the opposition peach to the Stamp Act of 1765) 1634: Bouquet war The war started in 1634. We will write a custom essay sample on Original Colonies or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The Bouquet War was the conflict between Native Americans Indians called the Bouquet tribe and the New England settlers with their Indian allies, the Narragansett and Mahogany tribe. The causes of the war were trespassing(colonists Invaded Bouquet tribes area), and gainful trading(the colonist were attracted by the gainful trading to the are of the Bouquet tribe. The Bouquet war ended after 4 years(1638), the results was not good because the Bouquet tribe lost. They were forced to sign a Treaty of Hartford( removal of the Bouquet name).Many of them died. Those who survived got sold into slavery. 1770: Boston Massacre(Massachusetts) Great Britain lost the war of Stamp Act of 1765( the British were forcing American colonist to pay tax). Even though they lost this war they were still persistent of gaining control over the colonies. Then they made a new law stating that they had the right to state laws regarding the colonies. After a year, the British Implemented refused to pay those taxes. This made the British officials called for military to back them up.In a beautiful winter day of 1770, an event called Boston massacre happened. A small group of American colonies mocked the soldiers by throwing snowballs at them, in return the soldiers opened fired and two of the colonies died. Then it became bloody afterwards. 1773: Boston Tea Party(Massachusetts) Boston tea party is about angry, frustration and rebellion of American colonies. The American colonist disguised themselves as Mohawk Native Americans and boarded n three British ships, (Dartmouth, Eleanor, beaver).Those Native Americans threw away 342 packages of British tea into Boston harbor on December 16, 1773. The colonies boycotted tea because they do not want to pay the tax. Conclusion: Without the historical events during the colonization in America, there would still be high tax rate in products, no constitution and America would still be under British commandment. Without those who stand against conquerors, America would have not become independent.

The History of Income Tax in the U.S.

The History of Income Tax in the U.S. Every year, people in the United States frantically race to get their taxes done by mid-April. While shuffling papers, filling out forms, and calculating numbers, have you ever stopped to wonder where and how the concept of income taxes originated? The idea of a personal income tax is a modern invention, with the first, permanent U.S. income tax law in October 1913. However, the general concept of taxation is an age-old idea that has long shaped history. Ancient Times The first, known, written record of taxes dates back to ancient Egypt. At that time, taxes were not given in the form of money, but rather as items such as grain, livestock, or oils. Taxes were such an important part of ancient Egyptian life that many of the surviving hieroglyphic tablets are about taxes. Although many of these tablets are records of how much people paid, some describe people complaining about their high taxes. And no wonder people complained! The taxes were often so high, that at least on one surviving hieroglyphic tablet, tax collectors are depicted punishing peasants for not having paid their taxes on time. Egyptians were not the only ancient people to hate tax collectors. Ancient Sumerians had a proverb, You can have a lord, you can have a king, but the man to fear is the tax collector! Resistance to Taxation Nearly as old as the history of taxes - and the hatred of tax collectors - is resistance to unfair taxes. For instance, when Queen Boadicea of the British Isles decided to defy the Romans in 60 CE, it was in large part because of the brutal taxation policy placed upon her people. The Romans, in an attempt to subdue Queen Boadicea, publicly flogged the queen and raped her two daughters. To the great surprise of the Romans, Queen Boadicea was anything but subdued by this treatment. She retaliated by leading her people in an all-out, bloody revolt, eventually killing approximately 70,000 Romans. A much less gory example of resistance to taxes is the story of Lady Godiva. Although many may remember that in the legend, Lady Godiva of the 11th century rode through the town of Coventry naked, most probably do not remember that she did so to protest her husbands harsh taxes on the people. Perhaps the most famous historical incident that relates to the resistance to taxes was the Boston Tea Party in Colonial America. In 1773, a group of colonists, dressed as Native Americans, boarded three English ships moored in Boston Harbor. These colonists then spent hours smashing the ships cargo, wooden chests filled with tea and then throwing the damaged boxes over the side of the ships. American colonists had been heavily taxed for over a decade with such legislation from Great Britain as the Stamp Act of 1765 (which added taxes to newspapers, permits, playing cards, and legal documents) and the Townsend Act of 1767 (which added taxes to paper, paint, and tea). The colonists threw the tea over the side of the ships to protest what they saw as the very unfair practice of taxation without representation. Taxation, one might argue, was one of the major injustices that led directly to the American War for Independence. Thus, the leaders of the newly created United States had to be very careful as to how and exactly what they taxed. Alexander Hamilton, the new U.S. Secretary of the Treasury, needed to find a way to collect money to lower the national debt, created by the American Revolution. In 1791, Hamilton, balancing the need of the federal government to collect money and the sensitivity of the American people, decided to create a sin tax, a tax placed on an item society feels is a vice. The item chosen for the tax was distilled spirits. Unfortunately, the tax was seen as unfair by those on the frontier who distilled more alcohol, especially whiskey, than their eastern counterparts. Along the frontier, isolated protests eventually led to an armed revolt, known as the Whiskey Rebellion. Revenue for War Alexander Hamilton was not the first man in history with the dilemma of how to raise money to pay for a war. The need for a government to be able to pay for troops and supplies in wartime had been a major reason for ancient Egyptians, Romans, medieval kings, and governments around the world to increase taxes or to create new ones. Although these governments had often been creative in their new taxes, the concept of an income tax had to wait for the modern era. Income taxes (requiring individuals to pay a percentage of their income to the government, often on a graduated scale) required the ability to retain extremely detailed records. Throughout most of history, keeping track of individual records would have been a logistical impossibility. Thus, the implementation of an income tax was not found until 1799 in Great Britain. The new tax, viewed as a temporary one, was needed to help the British raise money to fight the French forces led by Napoleon. The U.S. government faced a similar dilemma during the War of 1812. Based on the British model, the U.S. government considered raising money for the war through an income tax. However, the war ended before the income tax was officially enacted. The idea of creating an income tax resurfaced during the American Civil War. Again considered a temporary tax to raise money for a war, Congress passed the Revenue Act of 1861 which instituted an income tax. However, there were so many problems with the details of the income tax law that income taxes were not collected until the law was revised the following year in the Tax Act of 1862. In addition to adding taxes on feathers, gunpowder, billiard tables, and leather, the Tax Act of 1862 specified that the income tax would require those that earned up to $10,000 to pay the government three percent of their income while those that made over $10,000 would pay five percent. Also notable was the inclusion of a $600 standard deductible. The income tax law was amended several times over the next few years and eventually fully repealed in 1872. Beginnings of a Permanent Income Tax In the 1890s, the U.S. federal government was beginning to rethink its general taxation plan. Historically, most of its revenue had been from taxing imported and exported goods as well as taxes on the sale of specific products. Realizing that these taxes were increasingly bearing on only a select portion of the population, mostly the less affluent, the U.S. federal government began looking for a more even way to distribute the tax burden. Thinking that a  graduated-scale  income tax placed upon all citizens of the United States would be a fair way to collect taxes, the federal government attempted to enact a country-wide income tax in 1894. However, because at that time all federal taxes had to be based on state population, the income tax law was found unconstitutional by the U.S. Supreme Court in 1895. To create a  permanent income tax, the Constitution of the United States needed to be changed. In 1913, the 16th Amendment to the Constitution was ratified. This amendment eliminated the need to base federal taxes on state population by stating: The Congress shall have  the power  to lay and collect taxes on incomes, from whatever source derived, without apportionment among the several States, and without regard to any census or enumeration. In October of 1913, the same year the 16th Amendment was ratified, the federal government enacted its first permanent income tax law. Also in 1913, the  first Form 1040  was created. Today, the IRS collects more than $1.2 billion in taxes and processes more than 133 million returns annually.

Homeschooling Kindergarten - Tips and Suggestions

Homeschooling Kindergarten - Tips and Suggestions When I think of kindergarten, I think of painting, cutting, pasting, snacks, and nap time. I remember my experience as a kindergarten student, playing in the little wooden kitchen with the play food and dishes. Kindergarten should be a fun, memorable time for both the parent and the child. For my oldest child, I used a full-on curriculum from a Christian publisher for kindergarten. (It made the  cost of homeschooling  much more than it had to be.) And,  we did everything in the curriculum. My poor child. It seems that your first   child usually suffers the most while you learn what youre doing as a new homeschooling parent. Homeschool Curriculum for Kindergarten For my next two children I used the following curriculum and programs that I put together myself. Language Arts: Teach Your Child to Read in 100 Easy Lessons We tried Sing, Spell, Read Write first, but the songs were too fast for my daughter and she didnt want to sing and play games. She wanted to read like her big sister did. So I sold Sing, Spell, Read Write and purchased Teach Your Child to Read in 100 Easy Lessons. I liked this book because it was relaxed and easy to use. You just snuggle up in the easy chair together for about 15 minutes a day, and kids are reading at a second grade level when youre finished. Teach Your Child to Read is an inexpensive book, too. I  loved it so much that I have a copy saved for future grandchildren in case it goes out of print! I always followed  up Teach Your Child to Read with the Abeka 1st grade phonics book, Letters and Sounds 1, to ensure that my children retained what they learned. I had them reading in easy readers as soon as they were able. I found it best to have them read books that were a little easy for them so they would enjoy reading. Math: MCP Mathematics K  by Modern Curriculum Press I liked this book because it was cute and efficient. I didnt stay with Modern Curriculum Press, but for Kindergarten, this was my favorite book. I always added whatever hands-on items were necessary to help my children grasp a concept or just to make the lessons more fun. Fine Arts: Art Projects K by Abeka Books I liked this book because most everything is right there for the teaching parent. There is no photocopying to do and the projects are appealing and colorful. Science and history were covered using library books and other resources I had around the house. Gardening and cooking are great science and math projects for young ones. There are many other programs and curriculum options  out there. This is just an example of what I found that I liked and worked for me. I was able to teach kindergarten for about $35 for the year and only $15 for the second child. Do You Need Curriculum When Homeschooling Kindergarten? You may be wondering if you even need curriculum for homeschooling kindergarten. Not necessarily! Some parents and their children like having the guidance of formal lessons. Other families prefer a more interest-led approach for the younger years. For these families, providing children with a learning-rich environment, reading every day, and exploring the world around them through everyday learning experiences is plenty. Continuing with the same concepts for teaching preschool at home is sufficient  for most kindergarten children - read, explore, ask questions, answer questions, and play. Young children learn so much through play! More Tips for Homeschooling Kindergarten Teaching kindergarten should be fun and engaging for parent and child. Keep these tips in mind to ensure that it is: Dont be a slave to the curriculum. Let it work for you. If its not working, its okay to change curriculum.Little  ones can only sit for about 15 minutes at a time. Try scattering your teaching times throughout the day.Keep it fun. If your child isnt having a good day, put school off until later or even the next day.Use play dough, paints, bubbles.Have your child  write his letters with his fingers in pudding, shaving cream, or sand. Kids also love using the white board. Dont limit them to the lines on paper this early. Just concentrate on forming the letters properly. As homeschoolers, we dont have to leave behind the days of cutting, pasting, playing, and painting for kindergarten. Those are perfectly acceptable activities to engage the minds of curious youngsters! Updated by Kris Bales

REDD+ Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

REDD+ - Article Example The REDD+ (Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation and + refers to conservation and enhancement of carbon stocks) program has been created to reduce carbon emissions from forest lands and to contribute towards sustainable management of the forest ecosystems. Carbon emissions resulting from degradation of forest lands and deforestation carried out for agricultural purposes, infrastructure development, and creation of pasture lands and emissions resulting from forest fires, all contribute about 20% greenhouse gas emissions. It has been well documented that such emissions will have a major impact on the global average temperature. Concrete steps need to be taken to stabilize the average temperature within two degree Celsius and the REDD program has been created with this vision. Through the program developing countries are provided results-based incentives and support for capacity building to reduce the green house gas emissions and implement strategies to conserve the natural ecosystems and more specifically the forest carbon stocks as these have the potential to reduce climatic changes (http://www.un-redd.org; The UN-REDD Programme, n.d; Vhugen, Aguilar & Miner, 2012). In order to further assist developing countries to reduce forest carbon emissions a collaborative program with the UN was launched in the year 2008. The program was initiated with nine pilot countries from 3 continents: Democratic Republic of Congo, Tanzania and Zambia from Africa; Indonesia, Papua New Guinea and Vietnam from Asia-Pacific; Bolivia, Panama and Paraguay from the Latin America and the Caribbean. This program now supports operations in 44 partner countries in designing and implementing the REDD program. Additionally it also helps the participating counties to develop strategies, monitor the system effectively and provides methods, data and tools for the implementation of the program. The program is implemented country-wise and with the feedback given by other coun tries it supports the conservation of forest lands and reduces deforestation. There has been a gradual rise in the funding for the program as more countries have expressed interest in the program. In addition to the programs formulated for specific countries, the UN-REDD also supports REDD+ readiness through a Global Program in which policies and strategies are commonly developed to help countries in their REDD+ readiness efforts. The UN-REDD program also receives expertise on various issues related to conservation from three other participating organizations namely the Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO), United Nations Development Program (UNDP) and the United Nations Environment Program (UNEP). (The UN-REDD Programme, n.d). Members of the REDD+ program recently recognized the increasing responsibilities of legislators in passing laws and preparing budgets and in order to strengthen the parliamentary role in reducing emissions it has introduced a Globe Legislature Forest Init iative. Through this program legislators can help in reducing deforestation and emissions by providing governmental support, law enforcement, financial scrutiny and accountability. Through this initiative legislation and policies could be shared between nations and thereby contribute to the success of the program.

Nixon v United States Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Nixon v United States - Essay Example doubts the people of America had regarding â€Å"The efficiency of a system that not only comprises of the President and the White House staff, but also extends to the office of independent counsel-its authority and its jurisdiction.† (Frederick M. Kaiser, p 5). The tapes, one of them called ‘The Smoking Gun’ which include the recorded conversations, that revealed Nixon’s alleged acts that were antagonistic to justice and highlighted his attempts to cover up the attempted break-in, led to a lot of public disgust for the Republican Party. Keeping in mind the disastrous effect the Watergate scandal had on the public morale, the information these tapes contain must be kept away from Congressional oversight. They are not empowered with the right to have access to records or conduct investigations. Reports have already shown the tapes were tampered with, even when in the custody of the White House. Eighteen and a half crucial minutes of one particular tape were erased in five separate segments. The privileged information contained within these tapes, if accessed by the above-mentioned body will further lead to the establishment of an atmosphere of political insecurity that has already been created due to the illegal activities of President Nixon and his staff. â€Å"In all of this, President Nixon has acted in a manner contrary to his trust as President and subversive of constitutional Government, to the great prejudice of the cause of law and justice and to the manifest injury of the people of the United States.† (House Committee on the Judiciary, p 3). These tapes are now a matter of national security and must neither be compartmentalized nor pigeonholed as a mere political conspiracy. Congressional oversight is needed to serve many objectives and purposes. According to Frederick M. Kaiser, these include â€Å"improvement in the efficiency, economy, effectiveness of Governmental operations, evaluation of programs and their perfor mance, protection of civil liberties